Studies have shown that the degree of heritability varies from 0.11 to 0.68 among different dog breeds. The multifactorial characteristics of this medical condition are the results of genetic and environmental contributions (nutrition, growth rate, overall body weight). These anatomical abnormalities lead to an inflammatory reaction with secondary degenerative joint disease associated with pain and lameness ranging from mild to severe. Osteoarthritis results from the varying degree of hip laxity of the coxo-femoral joint leading to subluxation of the femoral head, a shallow acetabulum and flattening of the femoral head. The complementary use of more recent tools such as estimated breeding values and genomics would probably help breeders achieve more substantive results.Ĭanine hip dysplasia (HD) is a complex developmental disease of the coxo-femoral joint and is one of the most common orthopedic conditions in dogs. Although the efficacy of phenotype-based breeding programs remains controversial, our results are in accordance with several recent studies showing that long-term selection policies are valuable, as they may help decreasing the HD prevalence in some breeds. A statistically significant increase in HD prevalence was noted for the Siberian Husky. It decreased over time in 6 breeds, among which 4 (Cane Corso, Gordon Setter, Rottweiler and White Swiss Shepherd) showed a significant decrease. The global HD prevalence varied widely among breeds from 5% (Siberian Husky) to 51.9% (Cane Corso). The HD prevalence was evaluated in 10 breeds, based on the assessment of 27,710 dogs, during the 1997–2017 screening period, which was divided into 3 homogeneous cohorts for analysis. In France, the phenotypic screening of coxo-femoral joint conformation remains a strategy for breeders to establish selection decisions. Using the best-scoring dogs for breeding may reduce the prevalence of HD. Due to the genetic contribution, most of the programs fighting against HD recommend selective breeding that excludes affected dogs. Canine hip dysplasia (HD) is a complex developmental disease of the coxo-femoral joint and is one of the most common orthopedic conditions in dogs.
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